Check Out with These Coronavirus Covid-19 Vaccines in Pipeline

Check out with These Coronavirus Covid-19 Vaccines in Pipeline

Check out with These Coronavirus Covid-19 Vaccines in Pipeline

There are around 165 vaccines which are under the condition of the developing phases across the globe. Among these, approximately 27 vaccines are in human trials among which 17 vaccines are in advanced stages under clinical trial.

Categories of The Coronavirus Covid-19 Vaccines in Pipeline

Non-replicating Viral Vector Vaccine

Non-replicating viral vector vaccine utilizes a virus that is non-replicating and therefore, it is incapable of causing diseases. For example, the naturally occurring common cold causing virus belongs to the category of non-replicating virus. As a response to the incorporation of this kind of viral vector, the body generates immune response that could either be channelized to eradicate the infection causing virus or to boost up the protective immunity to further extent.

non-replicating viral vector vaccine

RNA-based Vaccine

RNA, more specifically mRNA bears the code for synthesis of proteins in cell, and is known as protein translation. These proteins are responsible for carrying out different functions in cell, providing protection and immunity response are among these functions. Hence, genetic vaccine consists of RNA can be delivered to the targeted cells which would be translating the desired protein/ antigen encoded by the RNA. The incorporated RNA contains only a short fragment of the original virus RNA but it can only produce antigen and cannot become a part of the chromosome of the host cell. Thus, RNA transfected cell generates an immune response that can actually act against the virus infected cells.

Protein Subunit-based Vaccine

A protein subunit is a part of the main protein. In this kind of vaccine, a purified protein subunit is used only instead of the entire protein or the macromolecule or the whole microorganism. This particular protein subunit then acts as antigen against the targeted virus.

Live Attenuated Vaccine

Liveattenuated vaccine contains live, weakened or modified disease-causing microorganisms. Now, these microorganisms when incorporated in body cause mild to limited infections which are sufficient to invoke the immune response. Hence, this immune response acts against the targeted pathogens protecting the cells thereby.

Inactivated Virus Vaccine

Generally inactivated pathogens, for example, inactivated viruses are used in this kind of vaccines. Being inactivated, the pathogen cannot replicate within the host cell. The pathogens are inactivated by means of chemical reagents, irradiation or heat.

Coronavirus Covid-19 Vaccines under Advanced Phases of Development*

 A.

A.      (a) Research collaborations:

Consortium of the Jenner Institute, Oxford Biomedica, University of Oxford, Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre, Pall Life Sciences, Cobra Biologics, HalixBV, Advent S.R.L., Merck KGaA, the Serum Institute, Vaccitech, and AstraZeneca/IQVIA

 (b) Category of vaccine:

Non-replicating viral vector

 (c) Stage of development:

Phase III

 (d) Source of funding:

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)/ UK Government/ Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)/ Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

B.

B.      (a) Research collaborations:

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm

 (b) Category of vaccine:

Inactivated virus

 (c) Stage of development:

Phase III

 (d) Source of funding:

 

 C.

C.       (a) Research collaborations:

Sinovac/ Instituto Butantan

 (b) Category of vaccine:

Inactivated virus

(c) Stage of development:

Phase III

 (d) Source of funding: not known

 D.

D.      (a) Research collaborations:

Moderna/ NIAID/ Lonza/ Catalent/ Rovi

 (b) Category of vaccine:

RNA-based vaccine

 (c) Stage of development:

Phase III

 (d) Source of funding:

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI)/ Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)

 

E.

  
(a) Research collaborations:

Beijing Institute of Biological Products/ Sinopharm

 (b) Category of vaccine:

Inactivated virus

 (c) Stage of development:

Phase III

 (d) Source of funding: not known

F.    

(a) Research collaborations:

BioNTech/ Fosun Pharma/ Pfizer

 (b) Category of vaccine:

RNA-based vaccine

 (c) Stage of development:

Phase III

 (d) Source of funding: not known

*Please note that all of these updates are based on the information published till date, i.e., publishing date of this article.

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